Parameters

You are being tested on your understanding of course content.

You will have 100 minutes, without notes or devices, including smart glasses, earphones, and watches.

Philosophy

• If you’ve implemented what we learned about learning, you should do well.
• Everyone should be able to get an A, some who do will do so in 40 minutes.

. . .

• I’d like everyone to do well in writing and participation as well,
  • which I especially want to help you with.

Resources

• QICs questions
• Your notes and my slide handouts

If a Julius Caesar was sending a secret message such that the word “pecan” was scrambled and became the word “tiger”, what single character would he tattoo on the messenger’s head?

. . .

4

Which TWO techniques create an “illusion of knowing”?

1. re-reading the text/highlights
   • ✓ most preferred but least productive
2. elaboration
   • rephrase ideas; relate them to what you already know
3. massed practice
   • ✓ “single-minded, rapid-fire repetition of something”
4. spaced, interval retrieval
   • spaced out sessions interleaved with other material
5. (self) quizzes after learning
   • effortful retrieval/application helps consolidate learning

What is “transmission control protocol” responsible for?

1. Reliably delivering data ✓
2. Addressing and routing
3. Translating hostnames to addresses
4. Formatting for exchanging information

The markdown for a 2nd level heading is ____ ## ____.

Which of the following is LEAST true of TLS/SSL/HTTPS:

1. The site uses encryption
2. The site content is reliable ✓
3. Your online interaction will be private
4. The identity of the site is verified by a third party

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of “fake news”?

1. Unverifiable sources
2. More bias
3. Likely to print corrections ✓
4. Grammar and/or spelling errors

The inference that children’s inability to forgo a marshmallow leads to poorer life outcomes exhibits the problem of:

1. confirmation bias
2. correlation is not always causation ✓
3. cognitive plasticity
4. attention deficit disorder

What is the basic idea behind Robert Putnam’s “Bowling Alone”?

1. Decline in bowling
2. Networked individualism
3. Decline in American social capital ✓
4. Decrease in American cultural capital

Reed’s law states which of the following?

1. The value of telecom networks is proportional to the number of potential transactions; N^2
2. The more networks we are connected to, the more beneficial it is to our success
3. The value of social networks is proportional to the number of possible groups (2^N) ✓
4. The value of broadcast network is proportional to the number of viewers (N)

. . .

mnemonic for Sarnoff, Metcalfe, and Reed??

The ____ private ____ key is used to digitally sign something.

Which transformer step lets a model distinguish “river bank” from “bank loan”?

1. tokenization
2. embedding
3. positional encoding
4. attention ✓

• 3rd party cookies can NOT be accessed by multiple websites.
• 3rd party cookies are DISTINCT from whether a website uses a database.
• SSL/TLS does NOT authenticate identity of user.
• TCP delivers data reliably (NOT securely).
• Machiavellianism was NOT associated with catfishing scammers.

• what is HTML, HTTP, cookies (3rd party), TCP/IP, DNS
• basic Markdown (link, embed, italic, bold)
• symmetric cipher, public-key cryptography, and certificates/SSL

• digital natives debate: four phases and myths
• asynchronous communication
• filter bubble
• heterophily and homophily
• bowling alone vs networked individualism

• critical thinking
  • correlation vs causation (spurious & confounding)
  • countering confirmation bias (e.g., NYT Puzzle)
  • street epistemology: not what we know, but how and why
• learning
  • Bloom’s taxonomy
  • good (elaboration) vs poor (massed practice) learning
  • spaced, variable, and interleaved practice
  • growth & fixed mindset
  • learning style debunking

• multi-tasking, continuous partial attention, and attention blindness
• McDonaldization
• attention and marshmallow (revisited) studies

• diffusion: removing noise through latent space
• transformers: tokenization, embedding, positional encoding, and attention
• model terminology: token, parameters, context window, distillation, etc.
• Reagle (2027) on AI advice: asymmetry, paradox, and tragedy

• mis/dis/mal-information
• agnotology
• 7 types of mis-/disinformation
• characteristics of real vs fake news
• boyd on media literacy backfire
• how to spot AI images/videos

• small world phenomenon
• 6-degrees of separation
• strong and weak ties
• Pareto principle
• long tail
• immaterial capital (social, symbolic, cultural) and its transformation
• COVID19’s overdispersion and exponential growth
• contagion of obesity and happiness
• laws of Sarnoff, Metcalfe, and Reed
  • implications for social media marketplace

• Godwin’s law
• trolls vs haters
• disinhibition, deindividuation, depersonalization
• moral disengagement: reconstruct conduct, displace/diffuse responsibility, misrepresent injurious consequences, dehumanize
• trollplex & stochastic terrorism
• Zimbardo’s barrel (i.e., rotten behavior online)
  • the temperature, the barrel, and the rotten apple

• dark tetrad
• signs of dark tetrad
• psychological features of perpetrators
• psychological features of victims

• Caesar shift cipher
• digital signature = private_key(hash/fingerprint)
• dark vs deep web
• bitcoin anonymity
• distributed ledger as a chain of hashed blocks of transactions
• ToR (onion routing)

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