Parameters

You are being tested on your understanding of course content.

You will have 100 minutes, without notes or devices, including earphones and watches.

Philosophy

• If you’ve implemented what we learned about learning, you should do well.
• Everyone should be able to get an A, some who do will do so in 40 minutes.

Resources

• Responses questions
• Your notes and my slide handouts

If a Julius Caesar was sending a secret message such that the word “pecan” was scrambled and became the word “tiger”, what single character would he tattoo on the messenger’s head?

Which TWO techniques create an “illusion of knowing”?

1. re-reading the text/highlights
   • ✓ most preferred but least productive
2. elaboration
   • rephrase ideas; relate them to what you already know
3. massed practice
   • ✓ “single-minded, rapid-fire repetition of something”
4. spaced, interval retrieval
   • spaced out sessions interleaved with other material
5. (self) quizzes after learning
   • effortful retrieval/application helps consolidate learning

What is “transmission control protocol” responsible for?

1. Reliably delivering data ✓
2. Addressing and routing
3. Translating hostnames to addresses
4. Formatting for exchanging information

The markdown for a 2nd level heading is ____ ## ____.

Which of the following is LEAST true of TLS/SSL/HTTPS:

1. The site uses encryption
2. The site content is reliable ✓
3. Your online interaction will be private
4. The identity of the site is verified by a third party

Explain the concept of altruistic punishment and an example of a situation in which it can be seen.

Which of the following is NOT an attribute of “fake news”?

1. Unverifiable sources
2. More bias
3. Likely to print corrections ✓
4. Grammar and/or spelling errors

The inference that children’s inability to forgo a marshmallow leads to poorer life outcomes exhibits the problem of:

1. confirmation bias
2. correlation is not always causation ✓
3. cognitive plasticity
4. attention deficit disorder

According to Nowak, cooperation that arises from reputation is known as ____ indirect reciprocity ____.

Explain the concept “Tragedy of the Commons” and how it is different from public goods; provide an example. How can this problem be avoided?

What is the basic idea behind Robert Putnam’s “Bowling Alone”?

1. Decline in bowling
2. Networked individualism
3. Decline in American social capital ✓
4. Decrease in American cultural capital

Reed’s law states which of the following?

1. The value of telecom networks is proportional to the number of potential transactions; N^2
2. The more networks we are connected to, the more beneficial it is to our success
3. The value of social networks is proportional to the number of possible groups (2^N) ✓
4. The value of broadcast network is proportional to the number of viewers (N)

1. The ____ private ____ key is used to digitally sign something.

• 3rd party cookies can NOT be accessed by multiple websites.
• 3rd party cookies are DISTINCT from whether a website uses a database.
• SSL/TLS does NOT authenticate identity of user.
• TCP delivers data reliably (NOT securely).
• Machiavellianism was NOT associated with catfishing scammers.

• what is HTML, HTTP, cookies (3rd party), TCP/IP, DNS
• basic Markdown (link, embed, italic, bold)
• symmetric cipher, public-key cryptography, and certificates/SSL
• “Google bomb”

• asynchronous communication
• filter bubble, echo chamber
• heterophily and homophily
• bowling alone vs networked individualism

• critical thinking
  • correlation vs causation (spurious & confounding)
  • countering confirmation bias (e.g., NYT Puzzle)
  • street epistemology: not what we know, but how and why
• learning
  • Bloom’s taxonomy
  • good (elaboration) vs poor (massed practice) learning
  • spaced, variable, and interleaved practice
  • growth & fixed mindset
  • learning style debunking
• multi-tasking, continuous partial attention, and attention blindness
• McDonaldization
• attention and marshmallow (revisited) studies

• “crap detection” criteria, triangulation
• mis/dis/mal-information
• 7 types of mis-/disinformation
• characteristics of real vs fake news
• boyd on agnotology and media literacy backfire
• how to spot AI images/videos

• evolutionary origins of competition and collaboration
• Nowak’s evolutionary sources of cooperation
• the role of gossip
• tragedy of commons and public goods
  • interventions of privatization & regulation
• free-riders and altruistic punishment
• prisoner’s dilemma and ultimatum game
• tit-for-tat strategy

• Dunbar’s number
• small world phenomenon
• 6-degrees of separation
• strong and weak ties
• Pareto principle
• long tail
• immaterial capital (social, symbolic, cultural) and its transformation
• COVID19’s overdispersion and exponential growth
• laws of Sarnoff, Metcalfe, and Reed
  • implications for social media marketplace

• Godwin’s law
• disinhibition, deindividuation, depersonalization
• moral disengagement: reconstruct conduct, displace/diffuse responsibility, misrepresent injurious consequences, dehumanize
• trollplex & stochastic terrorism
• Zimbardo’s barrel (i.e., rotten behavior online)
  • the temperature, the barrel, and the rotten apple

• dark tetrad
• signs of dark tetrad
• psychological features of perpetrators
• psychological features of victims

• Caesar shift cipher
• digital signature = hash/fingerprint + private key
• dark vs deep web
• bitcoin anonymity
• distributed ledger as a chain of hashed blocks of transactions
• ToR (onion routing)

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