The gendered work of social media influencers

Joseph Reagle

Today’s question

We’ve discussed the gender gap in masculine-coded geek spaces.

We’ve discussed how we perform presentations of a self.

Question: Among women influencers, what (gendered) expectations shape their performances of an “authentic” self?

Background concepts

jnaydaily’s #scamforthegram

Emotional labor/work

the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display; emotional labor is sold for a wage [whereas emotional work is not] (Hochschild 2003, p. 7)

e.g., a flight attendant has be be friendly and smile

Other examples?

Double bind

… a choice between two irreconcilable demands or undesirable paths.

“Damned if you do, damned if you don’t.”

e.g., if a man is not caring, he’s a brute; if he is caring, he’s a wuss.

other examples?

ex. authentic vs fake??

Define authentic and fake in <15 words each.

Avoid synonyms such as genuine; you can focus on motivation, consequences, or associations.

authentic vs fake

Is shilling a sign of selling-out or making it?

Does authenticity no longer matter?

(Lorenz 2018)

“Gender and self-enterprise in the social media age”

Why is the new economy (supposedly) awesome for women?

  • gender-neutral and progressive;
  • feminine “soft” skills are deployed as capital and valued;
  • it’s a movement away from bureaucratic and male-dominated work structure;
  • flexible work arrangements have emancipatory potential;

Method?

  • contacted 80 potential participants (full-time bloggers, writers, designers, photographers, and marketers)
  • snowball sampling and arrived at 17 interview, 5 more in-depth; 22 total(DuffyPruchniewska 2017, pp. 847-848)

(1) soft self-promotion?

  • promotion should be done in a subtle, non-invasive way
  • interviewees attempted to downplay and conceal the time and energy required so as to distance themselves from appearing overly aggressive or promotional

(2) interactive intimacy?

  • gendered, online relational labor requiring people to appear trust-worthy and manage intimate relationships (e.g., a woman spent 4 hours a day on Facebook)

(3) compulsory visibility?

  • interviewees felt obliged to share personal elements of their lives, and found managing the fuzzy lines between personal and professional persona is difficult
  • compulsory visibility creates vulnerability to hate, trolling, and misogyny

Digital double bind?

  • risk one’s feminine “organic” modesty being over-shadowed, or
  • risk one’s entrepreneurial competitiveness being attached as un-feminine

Labor

requires women to assume additional labor and risk in an attempt to ensure success in their online ventures. [DuffyPruchniewska 2017, p. 848]

Insta babes & beaus

What do you think of COCO?

Husbands

Analysis??

Go around

Go Around

  • How can we differentiate between fake and authentic?
  • How is authenticity gendered?
  • How do marginalized people fare?
  • Are we all entrepreneurs?
  • Is there an alternative to hustling when starting up?

Conclusion

Wrap up

Create two high-order questions.

Review

What were you two high-order questions?