Hacking motivation

Joseph Reagle

Our question(s)

  1. In a culture that values autonomy and self-reliance, how do we motivate ourselves?
  2. How far is too far?

Motivation

Intrinsic & extrinsic

intrinsic motives
the performance of an activity as an end in its own right
extrinsic motives
means to achieve some other outcome (KrautEtal 2012, “Building successful online communities”, p. 24)

Ego Depletion Theory

As the body uses glucose during self-control, it starts to crave sweet things to eat (BaumeisterTierney 2011, “Willpower”, p. 51).

23 labs attempted to replicate (pre-registered) and found “the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero” (HaggerEtal 2016)

  • Hannah

Self-Determination Theory

three innate needs (DeciRyan 2000)

  1. competence: control & mastery
  2. relatedness: interaction & connection
  3. autonomy: agency

Temporal Motivation Theory

\(motivation = \frac{expectancy \times value }{impulsiveness \times delay}\)

(Steel 2011, “The procrastination equation”)

TMP applied

What’s the motivation for college?

Are the following big or small?

Motivation hacks?

  • intermediate rewards
  • commitment (Ulysses pact)
  • success spiral
  • time boxing (Pomodoro)
  • good habits
  • SMART goals
  • quantification
  • gamification

Habits: Craving toothpaste

cue (to trigger the brain); routine (to make it automatic); reward (to establish those routines)

SMART goals

ex. Make you own

Think of a reasonable goal for the next year, and specify:

Ulysses contract

Reading responses

  • Maria: unethical
  • Marina: exploitative

Is egonomics the solution to akrasia?

akrasia
lacking self-control
egonomics
the art and science of self-management

Too far?

Quantification

Yet the well-being indicators [Winter] assiduously tracks had been high: his average happiness was 7.03/10 (“awesome!”), his energy was 6.64 (“high for me”), and his health was 5.33 (“5 is ‘okay’”). (Reagle 2019, ch. 4)

  • Bianca: disturbing

Gamified Ulysses

Maniac work week

Balance

[Winter] conceded that doing work was his “natural state, so adding Beeminders for everything else is what I do to avoid doing too much work and not getting balance … it’s dangerous to focus only on, say, work productivity, because you can definitely make yourself into a work monster.” (Reagle 2019, ch. 4)

Conclusion

Guru Analysis: Angela Lee Duckworth

ex. Guru analysis

Grit

values, moment, & assumptions; authority, relatability, & tropes?

Wrap up

Specify your criteria for answering: How far is too far?

Review

Theories of motivation

  1. What are the three main theories of motivation?
    • intrinsic/extrinsic; self-determination; temporal-motivation
  2. What are three variables in SDT?
    • competence, relatedness, autonomy
  3. What are the nominators and denominators in TMT?
    • expectancy, value; impulsiveness, delay
  4. What are some specific motivation hacks?
    • intermediate rewards, commitment (Ulysses pact), success spiral, time boxing (Pomodoro), good habits, SMART goals, quantification, gamification

How do you know when hacking has gone too far?