Wisdom of crowds
Jelly beans
Others egs?
- Google?
- Wikipedia?
Cereal (2-stage)
- 467
Are we talking about organizations?
Problem domain?
✓ cognition
for which there is a single answer
✓ coordination
by which an optimal group solution arises from individual self-interest, but requires feedback
✗ cooperation
for which an optimal group solution requires trust and group orientation, i.e., social structure/culture
WoC requires?
WoC requires
- diversity of opinion (private info)
- independence (un-influenced)
- decentralization (local knowledge and equal weight)
- aggregation (private judgment -> collective decision) (Surowiecki 2004, p. 10)
Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups
Measures of “collective intelligence” (c) based on tasks such as visual puzzles, brainstorming, collective moral judgments, and negotiating over limited resources. In the first study (of 40 3-person groups) average and maximum intelligence scores of individual group members does not correlate with c. When combining the findings of the two studies, there’s a moderate correlation between c and average/highest-scoring intelligence, but “c was still a much better predictor of group performance on the criterion tasks then the average or maximum individual intelligence.” In turn, three factors were significantly correlated with c: average social sensitivity, conversational turn-taking, and the proportion of females in the group (these are likely related). (WoolleyEtal 2010)
How to ascertain and create diversity?
Exploring vs exploiting
Mnemonics?
- cognition (1 answer), coordination (self+feedback), cooperation (trust/culture)
- diversity, independence, decentralization, aggregation