Evans and Collins (2007) Expertises

DISPOSITIONS	Interactive ability	Reflective ability
DISPOSITIONS	both convert latent interactional expertise into realized interactional expertise

SPECIALIST EXPERTISE (domain specific)	UBIQUITOUS TACIT KNOWLEDGE	SPECIALIST TACIT KNOWLEDGE
Beer-mat knowledge : doesn't allow action. (e.g., knowing rule for bishop doesn't make one a chess player)	Popular understanding: a deeper understanding of meaning, transmissible, only appropriate to settled science .	Primary source knowledge: knowledge gained from domain literature. May not be informed by what is important to field.	interactional expertise : novice, advanced beginner, competence, proficiency, expertise. May understand, but cannot do.	Contributory expertise: ability to contribute to domain.
Mimeomorphic : do not rely on social understanding, can be reproduced by mimicry Polymorphic : depend on social understanding, must adapt, cannot be mastered by machines

SPECIALIST
EXPERTISE

(domain specific)

UBIQUITOUS

SPECIALIST

TACIT KNOWLEDGE

Beer-mat knowledge : doesn't allow action.

(e.g., knowing rule for bishop doesn't make one a chess player)

Popular understanding: a deeper understanding of meaning, transmissible, only appropriate to settled science .

Primary source knowledge: knowledge gained from domain literature. May not be informed by what is important to field.

interactional expertise : novice, advanced beginner, competence, proficiency, expertise.

May understand, but cannot do.

Contributory expertise: ability to contribute to domain.

Mimeomorphic : do not rely on social understanding, can be reproduced by mimicry
Polymorphic : depend on social understanding, must adapt, cannot be mastered by machines

META - EXPERTISES (judging other expertises)	EXTERNAL ( Transmuted expertises) an understanding of experts rather than topical expertise; omni-directional	INTERNAL (Non-transmuted expertises) a substantive understanding; down-directional
Ubiquitous Discrimination based on ubiquitous expertise one gains ("enculturation") in a democratic society e.g., language fluency, choosing between politicians, sales persons, service providers, etc.	Local Discrimination knowledge of those around you	Technical connoisseurship "experience within the conventions of judgment rather than experience of the skill itself." "turns on on interactional expertise alone". e.g., architect can recommend tiles, even if no tiling experience	Downward discrimination based on those who share or exceed your own expertise e.g., peer review	Referred expertise "the indirect application of domain-specific contributory expertise from one domain within another" e.g., a physicist running a telescope project

META - EXPERTISES

(judging other expertises)

EXTERNAL

( Transmuted expertises)

an understanding of experts rather than topical expertise; omni-directional

INTERNAL

(Non-transmuted expertises)

a substantive understanding; down-directional

Ubiquitous Discrimination

based on ubiquitous expertise one gains ("enculturation") in a democratic society

e.g., language fluency, choosing between politicians, sales persons, service providers, etc.

Local Discrimination

knowledge of those around you

Technical connoisseurship

"experience within the conventions of judgment rather than experience of the skill itself." "turns on on interactional expertise alone".

e.g., architect can recommend tiles, even if no tiling experience

Downward discrimination

based on those who share or exceed your own expertise

e.g., peer review

Referred expertise

"the indirect application of domain-specific contributory expertise from one domain within another"

e.g., a physicist running a telescope project

META - CRITERIA (indicators of expertise)
META - CRITERIA (indicators of expertise)	Credientials excludes ubiquitous discrimination (public) and uncredential experts	Track record excludes those with no track records because they are new to the public debate (e.g., sheep farmers), the ubiquitous and local discrimination of the public and in new fields	Experience the best criteria though no guarantee of competence